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翻訳と辞書　辞書検索 [ 開発暫定版 ] スポンサード リンク Philip Andrews ： ウィキペディア英語版 Philip Andrews Philip Walter Sawford Andrews (1914 – 1971) was an industrial economist. He spent most of his career at Oxford University as a fellow of Nuffield College and finished his career as Foundation Professor of Economics at the University of Lancaster. He made his name with his detailed case study investigations of business behaviour and analysis of manufacturing firms, which he characterized as intensely competitive and oligopolistic.〔Earl, Peter (1987), The New Pagrave Dictionary of Economics, Palgrave〕 Andrews advocated for the use of empirical business case studies to advance industrial economics. == Economics == Andrews has been summarized as follows. He rejected the concept of individual firm equilibrium in favour of what he describes as the 'steady state' in the industry. That at the heart of Andrew's story is his argument that manufacturing industry tend to be both oligopolistic and rather competitive in the long run. Also that actual or potential entry sets a limit to the price in each industry. Price is arrived at by adding a 'costing margin' to estimated average direct cost with this margin being calculated on the basis of estimates of 'normal' output and the profit-that can be obtained without long run loss of custom due to competition. If there is an 'equilibrium', about which doubts are raised, it is the equilibrium price in the industry price rather than an equilibrium for an individual firm's output at a level where marginal cost equals marginal revenue. The share of the market share of each firm will depend on dynamic factors that determine the amount that the firm is able to sell at the going industry price. Thus, although large firms are thought likely in fact to be multiproduct each industry is analysable independently of the number of other industries in which a firm is active.〔Devine, P. J.; Jones, R. M.; Lee, N.; Tyson, W. J (1974) An Introduction to Industrial Economics, Unwin〕 抄文引用元・出典: フリー百科事典『 ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』 ■ウィキペディアで「Philip Andrews」の詳細全文を読む スポンサード リンク 翻訳と辞書 : 翻訳のためのインターネットリソース Copyright(C) kotoba.ne.jp 1997-2016. All Rights Reserved.